Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an established renal replacement therapy for renal disease. Itis based on the capacity of the peritoneum to act as a semipermeable membrane for theexchange of toxic solutes and water, which is called ultrafiltration capacity. Peritonealmembrane (PM) is lined by a monolayer of mesothelial cells (MCs), which lay on anextracellular matrix bed where other cell types and blood and lymphatic vessels can befound. Long-term exposure to hyperosmotic PD fluids (PDFs), peritonitis or hemoper‐itoneum causes peritoneal injury by the generation of an inflammatory state. Inflam‐matory cells and their mediators initiate a cascade of reactions promoting alterations inperitoneal cells, loss of MCs, fibrosis, vasculopathy, and angiogenesis, leading toultrafiltration failure. Recent studies support that the so-called “mesothelial tomesenchymal transition” process of the MCs runs parallel to the anatomical andfunctional ridging of PM, which suggests that its inhibition might slow down or stopthe PM damage. The fight against PM damage begins with the improvement in PDFbiocompatibility. Complementary to this, an alternative approach to preserve the PMmight be the use of pharmacological agents or molecular strategies. Here, we explainthe existing research models for the development of new therapies and analyze severaltherapeutic options tested with them.Keywords: biocompatible fluids, mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, peritonealmembrane failure, inflammation, research models, PD solutions low in GDPs, phar‐macotherapy Pharmacological Preservation of Peritoneal Membrane in Peritoneal Dialysis | Request PDF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307953711_Pharmacological_Preservation_of_Peritoneal_Membrane_in_Peritoneal_Dialysis [accessed Sep 18 2018].