The phenomena HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women and children is an important concern for underdeveloped and developing countries and has became a Public Health problem. The medical facilities required for care of these patients are special and demand a comprehensive approach and multidisciplinary team-work. In this way, the patients would receive adequate care for their needs. This review includes the antecedents of the HIV infection among women and children. Mechanisms of transmission, and the current model of medical care that exists in some developed countries. Finally, a commentary is made in regards to the importance of continuing medical education of the health-term in order to confront the AIDS epidemic.