Our objective was to evaluate the effect of short-term therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) on mean blood pressure (MBP). Two hundred thirty-three consecutive patients (185 women, 54 men; 53.9±13.5 years) requiring NSAID therapy were prospectively randomized to: indomethacin (21 patients), naproxen (33 patients), diclofenac (40 patients), sulindac (42 patients), meloxicam (35 patients) and celecoxib (40 patients) for 8.5±2 days. BP was measured at the beginning and end of follow-up using a Kenz OS22 monitor. At the end of follow-up, 211 (88%) patients were still available for evaluation. A slight posttreatment decrease in MBP (-1.4±9.0 mm Hg, 95%CI: -2.7 to -0.2) was found. No significant differences in posttreatment changes in MBP were found among the distinct NSAIDs evaluated. Fifty-five patients (23%; 95% CI: 18-29) showed a posttreatment increase in MBP of>5 mm Hg. This increase was not associated with hypertension, old age, or any specific NSAID. We conclude that, overall, shortterm NSAID therapy does not seem to have a clinically significant effect on MAP. However, 23% of patients undergoing this therapy showed an increase in MBP that, if persistent, could lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to identify whether this outcome persists in long-term NSAID therapy. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier España S.L. Barcelona. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.