TheSalvia genus is one of the most extensive in the Lamiaceae family. TheSalviagenus comprises approximately 900 species worldwide, 33 of which exist in the Valle de México, the most populated region of Mexico. The taxonomic identification of these species often represents a problem because they present a great variety of synonyms or variations in their nomenclature, like S. polystachyawith 12 synonymies. The traditional medicinal uses of Salviaspecies in Mexico are varied and include treatment for around 97 diseases. At least 20 species of theSalviagenus have well-documented medicinal ethnobotanical information with various uses, including gastrointestinal disorders, gynecological problems, promoting childbirth, antipyretic, disinfecting wounds, diabetes, and respiratory issues. The phytochemistry of the Salviaspecies from the Valle of Mexico is also vast and diverse; at least 315 chemical compounds have been identified, mainly terpenoids, that have received significant attention due to their multifaceted biological activities. Among the activities mentioned are anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, or anti-microbial. Some of the compounds present more than one biological activity. Given their extensive structural diversity, terpenoids represent a great source of compounds for developing new therapeutic agents. However, additional clinical and experimental studies are still needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action, optimal doses, and potential toxicity of the isolated compounds.