Peripheral biomarkers associated with neurocognitive disorders (NCD) have been evaluated in an attempt to improve diagnosis and early detection and potentially even prevent them. Along with increasing age, type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of central nervous system disorders and cognitive impairment due to the loss of synaptic function. Central damage triggers an astroglial response, increasing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which can be found peripherally when the blood-brain barrier is compromised.To evaluate the value of GFAP as a peripheral biomarker of central dysfunction.Serum levels of GFAP were compared between cases of NCD (n = 69) and age-matched controls (n = 69), analyzing the influence of diabetes as contributing factor.We found higher levels of serum GFAP in subjects with NCD compared with the control group (p