Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by polyarticular symmetrical inflammation, joint damage and the presence of autoantibodies that are associated with progressive incapacity and systemic complications. In Mexico, the prevalence of RA is 1.6%. Although multiple autoantibodies are observed in RA, just some of those have diagnostic interest or have been associated with disease progression. Antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) are directed to the carbamylated epitopes containing homocitrulline. The presence of anti-CarP in RA has been associated with worst joint damage and severe evolution of the disease. The present review aims to report the evidence on the frequency, diagnostic value and potential role of anti-CarP in erosions and other manifestations of RA severity.