The osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease, a systemic illness of multicausal etiopathogenesis. A progressive bone loss and qualitative alterations in the architecture, resulting in a loss of strength of bones to such an extent that trauma will cause fractures. Osteoporosis occurs when the body fails to form enough new bone or when to much is reabsorbed. There are no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Bone mineral density estimated by densitometry or DXA scan is the method of diagnosis. The treatment of osteoporosis is based on various agents, such as bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, parathyroid hormone, estrogens. Effective treatment options exist to reduce the risk for fractures taking into account risk assessment. To monitor bone loss BMD testing is performed between one and two years at DXA centers of accepted quality assurance measures. Patients receiving pharmacologic intervention should have BMD testing 2 years after starting therapy and every 2 years thereafter. Key words: Osteoporosis, bone mineral, bone density, densitometry, bisphosphonates, SERMs, estrogen th